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2016/17 Taught Postgraduate Module Catalogue

CAPE5430M Advanced Engines and Turbines

15 creditsClass Size: 70

Module manager: Professor GE Andrews
Email: profgeandrews@hotmail.com

Taught: Semester 2 (Jan to Jun) View Timetable

Year running 2016/17

Module replaces

PEME5475M Advanced Engines and Turbines

This module is not approved as an Elective

Module summary

This module will give a detailed description of the CO2 reduction technology for climate change mitigation through improved thermal efficiency in NG fired CCGT for electric power generation and reduced transport fuel consumption The technology of renewable biofuels and hydrogen, including fuel cells, for transport is also discussed. The role of electricity for transport and the related issue of the CO2 of electric supply. Transport legislated air pollution emissions control includes the latest technology for NOx and PM control.

Objectives

- To study transport policy options for low CO2 from transport including electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and the possible use of hydrogen in SI engines and fuel cells.
- To understand why real world road transport emissions and fuel consumption (RDE) are higher than for legislated test cycles.
- To understand the factors that influence carbon emissions from transport and the technologies to improve the thermal efficiency of SI engines and the reasons why diesel engines are superior from a carbon audit viewpoint.
- To understand why lean burn SI and diesel engines have a superior thermal efficiency than at SI at λ=1 and why the control of NOx and particulate emissions is so difficult.
- To understand the control of CO, HC, NOx and particulate emissions from SI and diesel engines and the conflict of meeting the legislation for these pollutants as well as minimising carbon emissions.
- To study carbon reduction techniques from electric power generation using combined cycle gas turbines and the options for CCS applied to gas turbines.

Learning outcomes
- Knowledge of how to minimise carbon emissions from transport engines and power generation gas turbines with an ability to advise on how carbon emissions can be reduced.
- Detailed knowledge of the climate change contribution of road transport and the difficulties of using alternative fuels in this sector, with a real overall carbon reduction.
- Knowledge of the principles of well to wheels CO2 analysis and carbon audits.
- Knowledge of how to reduce CO2 emissions from transport and why lean burn diesel and gasoline engines are necessary.
- Knowledge of the methods of NOx, CO, HC and particulate control in SI and diesel engines and their conflict with CO2 reduction.
- Knowledge of climate change issues and the role of transport and the complexities and possibilities of meeting the target for 80% carbon reductions from transport and electric power generation by 2050. Knowledge of policy options to achieve carbon reductions in these areas.

Skills outcomes
Detailed technical knowledge of gas turbines for power generation.
Detailed technical knowledge of the design of modern low CO2 SI and diesel engines with low air pollution gases and PM.
Detailed knowledge of electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles, range extended hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Including well to wheels analysis of hydrogen and electric power supply.


Syllabus

- Thermal efficiency gains in advanced combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT). CCS applied to CCGT. Role of CCGT in electricity supply and the future supply of low CO2 electricity.
- Transport greenhouse gases – Automotive and aircraft. Policy for GHG reduction from transport. Legislation for low CO2 from transport.
- Renewable transport fuels, ethanol and biodiesel, fuel quality refinery greenhouse gas issues.
- Electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, range extended hybrid vehicles.
- The hydrogen economy – A greenhouse gas free future? Hydrogen SI engines. Hydrogen fuel cells for transport.
- The technology of CO2 control from transport whilst also meeting NOx, CO, HC and particulate legislated emissions.
- Automotive fuels and future supply issues. Vehicle test cycles for fuel economy and emissions. Emission Index, g pollutant/kg fuel. CO2 emissions g/km.
- Real driving emissions (RDE) including emissions in congested traffic. EU legislation on RDE.
- Spark Ignition Engines
--Thermodynamics and combustion – fuel economy and greenhouse gases.
-- Four stroke and two stroke engine cycles – SI and diesel. Engine valve timing, Miller cycle with LIVC, engine friction energy loss and pumping loss.
-- Ideal air standard cycle – thermal efficiency and power
-- Ideal cycle with real thermodynamic properties
-- Knock, octane number.
-- Real SI cycles – Finite combustion time and the importance of spark timing. Turbulent flames.
-- Real SI cycles – Heat loss to cooling air/water, combustion process is not adiabatic.
- Diesel engines
-- Diesel engine thermodynamics and combustion – why diesel engines use less fuel and give lower greenhouse gas emissions.
-- Diesel ignition delay
- Transport engine emissions
-- Spark ignition engine emissions and their control engine emissions test cycles and measurement. Three way catalysts [NOx, CO and hydrocarbons (HC)]
-- Diesel engine emissions and their control [NOx and particulates].
-- Catalytic deNOx for lean burn SI or diesel engines
-- Particle size distribution and particle traps. Method of trap regeneration with minimal effect on CO2.

Teaching methods

Delivery typeNumberLength hoursStudent hours
Lecture331.0033.00
Seminar31.003.00
Tutorial81.008.00
Private study hours106.00
Total Contact hours44.00
Total hours (100hr per 10 credits)150.00

Private study

Students are given comprehensive notes and are expected to study for at least one hour for every hour of lecture in preparation for the exam and to understand the material - 44 hours minimum study of lecture material. Not all the notes are covered in class and some are expected to be read as part of private study.
The coursework is 40% of the module and is expected to take 40% of the module time which is 60 hours. This brings the total hours to 148 and the exam is the last two hours, giving the total workload of 150 hours.

Opportunities for Formative Feedback

Attendance at the four teaching activities each week.
Submission of coursework.

Methods of assessment


Coursework
Assessment typeNotes% of formal assessment
EssayTransport policy for low CO240.00
Total percentage (Assessment Coursework)40.00

The transport policy essay can be done for the UK or another country if the student prefers and there is information available.


Exams
Exam typeExam duration% of formal assessment
Standard exam (closed essays, MCQs etc)2 hr 60.00
Total percentage (Assessment Exams)60.00

Normally resits will be assessed by the same methodology as the first attempt, unless otherwise stated

Reading list

The reading list is available from the Library website

Last updated: 31/03/2016

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